"
[Eventalisation]
means making visible a
singularity at places where there is
a temptation to invoke a historical constant, an immediate anthropological
trait or an obviousness that imposes itself uniformly on all. To show
that things weren't 'necessary as all that'; it wasn't as a matter of
course that mad people came to be regarded as mentally ill; it wasn't
self-evident that the only thing to be done with a criminal was to lock
them up; it wasn't self-evident that the causes of illness were to be
sought through individual examination of bodies; and so on.
A breach
of self-evidence, of those self-evidences on which our knowledges, acquiescences
and practices rest: this is the first theoretico-political function
of eventalization. It means uncovering the procedure of causal
multiplication: analysing an event according to the multiple processes
that constitute it. As a way of lightening the weight of causality,
'eventalization' thus works by constructing around the singular event
analysed as process a 'polygon' or rather a 'polyhedron' of intelligibility,
the number of whose faces is not given in advance and can never properly
be taken as finite. One has to proceed by progressive, necessarily incomplete
saturation." Michel Foucault, 'Impossible Prison' in
Foucault Live.
1996. p. 277
Against
the accusation of working on a plane in between hyper and hypo rationalisms,
Foucault replies that his historical method aims at going against the
de-eventalization that has occurred in historical analysis, broadly speaking
the ascribing of unitary character to the object analysed (whether anthropologically,
economically, or demographically). The work of multiple causation and
polyhedric intelligibility might be regarded as too much or too little
but it aims at being just that: a plethora of intelligibilities and a
deficit of necessities.
'This is precisely the point at issue, both
in historical analysis and political critique. We aren't nor do we have
to put ourselves under the sign of a unitary necessity.'